Saturday, November 30, 2013

6 Watt Audio Amplifier Schematic Circuit with TDA1519

6 Watt Audio Amplifier Schematic Circuit with TDA15196 Watt Audio Amplifier Schematic Circuit with TDA1519

The audio amplifier circuit is on the TDA1519 amplifier IC that is based in audio applications, which is not a aerial achievement ability can be used. The ambit TDA1519 is a ability of 2×6 watts.

The TDA1519 is an amplifier congenital Class B dual-output advance in a 9-by-line (SIL) artificial amalgamation boilerplate achievement is primarily developed for car radio applications.

Key Features of the audio amplifier IC TDA1519 are: Requires few alien components, anchored gain, acceptable bounce drive, aphasiac / standby mode, thermal protection, about-face polarity safe. Tda1519 amplifier ability rating, 14.4 volts.

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Friday, November 29, 2013

NE555 IC Timer

The 555 Timer is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator applications. The IC was designed and invented by Hans R. Camenzind. It was designed in 1970 and introduced in 1971 by Signetics (later acquired by Philips). The original name was the SE555/NE555 and was called "The IC Time Machine".


The 555 gets its name from the three 5-k Ohm resistors used in typical early implementations. It is still in wide use, thanks to its ease of use, low price and good stability. As of 2003[update], 1 billion units are manufactured every year.

The 555 timer is one of the most popular and versatile integrated circuits ever produced. It includes 23 transistors, 2 diodes and 16 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini dual-in-line package (DIP-8).

The 555 has three operating modes:

* Monostable mode: in this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot". Applications include timers, missing pulse detection, bouncefree switches, touch switches, Frequency Divider,Capacitance Measurement, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) etc

* Astable - Free Running mode: the 555 can operate as an oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp flashers, pulse generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security alarms, pulse position modulation, etc.

* Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: the 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is used. Uses include bouncefree latched switches, etc.


The connection of the pins is as follows:
Nr. Name Purpose

1 GND Ground, low level (0V)
2 TR A short pulse high → low on the trigger starts the timer
3 Q During a timing interval, the output stays at +VCC
4 R A timing interval can be interrupted by applying a reset pulse to low (0V)
5 CV Control voltage allows access to the internal voltage divider (2/3 VCC)
6 THR The threshold at which the interval ends (it ends if U.thr → 2/3 VCC)
7 DIS Connected to a capacitor whose discharge time will influence the timing interval
8 V+, VCC The positive supply voltage which must be between 3 and 15 V


In the astable mode, the high time from each pulse is given by

high = 0.693.(R1 + R2).C

and the low time from each pulse is given by

low = 0.693.R2.C

where R1 and R2 are the values of the resistors in ohms and C is the value of the capacitor in farads.


Specs

These specifications apply to the NE555. Other 555 timers can have better specifications depending on the grade (military, medical, etc).

* Supply voltage (VCC) 4.5 to 15 V
* Supply current (VCC = +5 V) 3 to 6 mA
* Supply current (VCC = +15 V) 10 to 15 mA
* Output current (maximum) 200 mA
* Power dissipation 600 mW
* Operating temperature 0 to 70 °C
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Thursday, November 28, 2013

Simple 4 Channel Video Amplifier Using NJM2582

A very simple 4 channel video amplifier electronic circuit project can be designed using NJM2582 ic suitable for video applications with SCART connector . Models of the circuit is very simple and require few external electronic parts .

Simple 4 Channel Video Amplifier Circuit diagram


Some features of the NJM2582 are : Operating Voltage ±5V, +5V, +11V ; 6input 4output , 2input 1output Video SW , Internal LPF , 6dB Amplifier , Internal 75Ω Driver Circuit , DC output for SCART (FUNCTION SW, BLANKING) .
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Wednesday, November 27, 2013

Volt meters ampere meter with PIC

Volt meters & ampere meter with PIC can be used to measure voltage and current simultaneously. The series of volt meters & ampere meter with PIC16F876A PIC is used as a data processor voltage and current are measured. 

This circuit uses the viewer in the form of 16 × 2 LCD used for the data menmpilkan voltage and current measurements. In the article volt meter and ampere meter with PIC are discussed kerannya limited to devices only. More detail can be seen from the image sequence volt meter and ampere meter with PIC below. 

The images of Volt Meter & Ampere Meter With PIC Circuit

Volt meters & ampere meter with PIC 

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Tuesday, November 26, 2013

Simple Water Activated Alarm

The circuit uses a 555 timer wired as an astable oscillator and powered by the emitter current of the BC109C. Under dry conditions, the transistor will have no bias current and be fully off. As the probes get wet, a small current flows between base and emitter and the transistor switches on. A larger current flows in the collector circuit enabling the 555 osillator to sound.

Simple Water Activated Alarm  Circuit diagram :


An On/Off switch is provided and remember to use a non-reactive metal for the probe contacts. Gold or silver plated contacts from an old relay may be used, however a cheap alternative is to wire alternate copper strips from a piece of veroboard. These will eventually oxidize over but as very little current is flowing in the base circuit, the higher impedance caused by oxidization is not important. No base resistor is necessary as the transistor is in emitter follower, current limit being the impedance at the emitter (the oscillator circuit).

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Monday, November 25, 2013

Basically the DAC circuit

Basically the DAC circuit is made to meet the need for the level of influence in the development of digital electronic circuits electronics world.
Since the discovery of Silicon and Germanium semiconductor material then quickly there was a revolution in terms of simplicity and accuracy of an electronic circuit. Besides, with the implementation of digital circuits will support at all in terms of data storage and mobility. Lots of data can now be operated with a computer is a data converted from analog signals. For example a voice signal or analog form of video can be played and stored using a computer after analog signals are converted into digital data.

Basically the DAC circuit
Advantages possessed by the digital data than analog signal is a certainty the nature of the data or logic. Digital data only can be divided into two kinds of logic high "1" and logic low "0". Logic 1 represents 5 volts and low logic voltage 0 volts represents. Examples of the advantages of digital signals over analog signals is on television or digital radio receiver. By implementing a digital system signals emitted by television or radio stations will form the data 1 and 0, so at the time of the transmission or delivery of data signals that change or damaged by the interruption of transmission will hardly change the logic of the signals. But if the transmitted signal is the original signal in the form of an analog signal then if just a little damage due to interruption of transmission, the signal to be received is a signal that has been damaged serve targeted.

In the DAC circuit above uses two LM741 Op-Amp IC is often used as an amplifier. IC1 to function as a producer of analog signal is reversed, and turned back IC2 function signal from IC1. Basic circuit of the DAC is a common amplifier circuit, only used a variation of several resistors in order to obtain a regular reinforcement signal. Rules that must be understood from this DAC circuit is the value of resistors on the input op-amp. The value for the resistor at high bit (R4) should be 2x the amplifier resistor (R5), then for the next bit should be 2x the resistor value at a higher bit. So if the circuit uses 4-bit DAC is the unit bit (lowest bit) is the value of bits to be 8x-4. From the picture above the unit bit is represented by resistor 80 Kohm.

Sample Conditions:
- 0001 (1) = switch SW1 closed and others opened, the voltage output produced is (5K/80K) x 9 volt = 0.5625 volts
- 0010 (2) = SW2 is closed and another switch is opened, the output voltage is (5K/40K) x 9 volts = 1.125 volts
- 0011 (3) = SW1 and SW2 is closed and another switch is opened, the voltage output is (5K/Rparalel 80K and 40K) x 9 volt = (5K/26, 667K) X 9 volt = 1.6875 volts
- 1000 (8) = SW4 is closed and another switch is opened, the output voltage is (5K/10K) x 9 volts = 4.5 volts.

From the above calculation can be concluded that unlicensed with a voltage output proportional to the input conditions, eg for 1 decimal is 0.5625 volts then, decimal 2 = 2 x 0.5625 = 1125 volts, decimal 3 = 3 x 0.5625 = 1.6875 volts, and so on. This condition is due to the parallel relationship between the input resistors.
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Sunday, November 24, 2013

Stereo 9 Volt power amplifier circuit

Here I will explain about the necessary voltage and power amplifier output. The voltage should have at least approximately 9Volt 30Volt voltage and maximum voltage on the DC current. For maximum output of 2 X 2Watt with impedance 8-16 ohm. Because this amplifier circuit using ic and ic is used have the equation, so that if used different ic, then the required output voltage and also differ depending ic respectively.

Part List :
Resistor
R1 = 1M
R2 = 1M
R3 = 1K
R4 = 1K
R5 = 100K
R6 = 100K
R7 = 1R
R8 = 1R
Capacitor
C1 = 1uF
C2 = 220uF
C3 = 1uF
C4 = 100uF
C5 = 5uF
C6 = 5uF
C7 = 0.1uF
C8 = 220uF
C9 = 220uF
C10 = 0.1uF
IC
U1 = ULN2274B , ULN2277 , ULN2278B
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Saturday, November 23, 2013

Auto Sound Systems are an Investment in your Car Make it Great

For those who love tunes and the ability to take them along wherever you may roam, there are some great auto sound systems that allow you to basically plug in your favorite tunes to play as you go. It doesnt really matter which style of MP3 player you use, most of the newer auto sound systems at least have the ability to read and translate the material from these players into great music for you to enjoy on your ride by simply plugging your MP3 player into the car stereo.

Many of us find that lugging around an MP3 player with all of our favorite tunes (or at least most of them-with up to 40 gigs of hard drive space it might take a while to fill completely) is much easier and more practical than attempting to lug around a huge case of CDs. It is also great for those of us who find ourselves disappointed when we purchase CDs only to find that we really only like one or two songs. Now we can simply download the songs we know and love while avoiding those we are uncertain about or at least waiting until more songs come out before deciding whether or not to purchase the entire collection of songs. Having an auto sound system that allows you to enjoy the convenience of simply plugging in either your MP3 player or a memory card or stick in order to have your favorite songs at your finger tips at all times is fantastic.

I dont know about you, but I am absolutely hooked on audio books. I love to read and find so little free time in which to get my feel of the latest and greatest best seller. Audio books allow me to hear the stories Ive been eagerly awaiting at my convenience and in my SUV as Im making my daily commute or running errands. These books are also a great way to enjoy long car trips. You can even check your local library in order to find an excellent selection.

I typically try to find stories that might interest the children on long car rides as well (such as the Harry Potter books or The Polar Express). This instills a love of reading in them and I dont have to worry about the stray grown up word that some audio books contain. Good auto sound systems not only play great music but also sound wonderful when it comes to the spoken word as well. This is not only true when it comes to books on tape, CD, or MP3 but also talk radio and national news stations as well.
When you begin your search for your next auto sound system make sure you consider all the possible features you may wish to include. You can find sound systems today that include GPS, DVD players, navigational tools, CD players, MP3 players, satellite radio receivers and countless other nifty features. Choose the auto sound system that will suit your needs and interests best and enjoy it for as long as you can. A good sound system is something that will stay with your car, truck, or SUV so it is best to make that particular investment long before you plan to trade your vehicle in on another. At the same time a good auto sound system can be an excellent incentive to hold onto your vehicle a little while longer.

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Friday, November 22, 2013

Parking Light Switch

This is a simple parking light switch. The idea is that you drive your car towards your garage. You shine your headlights at the sensor, which switches on an external light . If you dont have a garage the sensor can be placed on a wall or post, and the external light will illuminate the area while you park and leave your vehicle. The circuit also has manual on and off controls.

Parking Light Switch Circuit Diagram



Notes:
This is a very simple light switching circuit using a single transistor and relay to control an external mains powered light. Relay RLA is drawn with two changeover contacts, but a relay with two make contacts can also be used. The contacts MUST be rated at 240V AC and at least 3 Amp (or higher) to safely switch loads of up to 500 Watts. Once energized the relay latches through contacts RLA1 and the external lamp is switched via contact RLA2.

Setting Up:
Wait until darkness and shine your vehicles headlights at the ORP12 Photocell. Adjust the 100k potentiometer until the relay triggers. Turn off the headlights and press S2 to turn off the relay. The external light should go off. It may be necessary to place a plastic tube of about 1 inch in length so that only light emitted by a cars headlights reaches the photocell. This will prevent unwanted triggering.

The light can also be manually controlled by pressing S1 which will latch the circuit, and S2 will turn off the lamp again.

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Thursday, November 21, 2013

Solar Powered Animal Scarer

Here is a solar powered Flasher to scare away the nocturnal animals like bats and cats from the farm yard or premises of the house. The brilliant multicolored flashes confuse these animals and they avoid the hostile situation. It is fully automatic, turns on in the evening and turns off in the morning.

The circuit has an LDR controlled oscillator built around the Binary counter IC CD 4060.The functioning of the IC is controlled through its reset pin 12. During day time, LDR conducts and keeps the reset pin of IC high so that it remains dormant. During night, LDR cease to conduct and the reset pin will be grounded through VR1. This triggers the IC and it stats oscillating using the components C1 and VR2. Output pins 7, 5 and 4 are used to power the LEDs strings.

VR1 adjusts the sensitivity of LDR and VR2, the flashing rate of LEDs. High bright Red, Blue and White LEDs are used in the circuit to give brilliant flashes. Red LEDs flash very fast, followed by blue and then White. White LEDs remains on for few seconds and provide light to a confined area. More LEDs can be added in the strings if desired. The circuit can also function with 12 volt DC.

Animal Repellent Circuit diagram:



The circuit uses a solar powered battery power supply. During daytime, battery charges through R1 and D1.Green LED indicates the charging mode. During night time current from the solar cell decreases and D1 reverse biases. At the same time D2 forward biases to provide power to the circuit. Resistor R1 restricts the charging current and the high value capacitor C1 is a buffer for current.

Animal Scarer Solar Power Supply Circuit diagram:




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Wednesday, November 20, 2013

Stereo Headphone Amplifier

Stereo Headphone Amplifier circuit uses DC voltage source 9Volt. As the name suggests this headphone amplifier circuit has inpur stereo and output to power about 50mW at 32 Ohm load. The series of "Stereo Headphone Amplifier" It uses mini-amplifier IC NE5534. Because of this NE5534 IC didalamanya there are 2 pieces mini amplifier then simply use 1 piece of IC NE5534 to Stereo Amplifier aHeadphone this. Stereo Headphone Amplifier series has this capability and low distortion, low noise. Stereo Headphone Amplifier circuit has a strengthening of 3.5 with 3.6 Vpp at 32 Ohm load.



Stereo Headphone Amplifier

Component Stereo Headphone Amplifier
P1 = 22K
R1 = 18K
R2 = 68K
R3 = 68K
R4 = 68K
R5 = 18K
R6 = 68K
C1 = 4.7uF/25v
C2 = 4.7uF/25v
C3 = 22pF
C4 = 220uF/25v
C5 = 220uF/25v
C6 = 4.7uF/25v
C7 = 22pF
C8 = 220uF/25v
J1 = 3.5mm Stereo Jack
B1 = 9V Alkaline Battery
IC1 = NE5532 or NE5534
SW1 = SPST Toggle Switch
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Tuesday, November 19, 2013

TDA2004 stereo bridge audio amplifier

tda2004 bridge
Most of the lovers, especially in audio electronics, it will never escape from this one component of the IC TDA2004. Because these components are very easy to get and the price is also quite cheap. Amplfiier audio series was also quite easy to make because the circuit is not too complicated, and one ic also already has 2 outputs and inputs.

Not only that, the audio is processed from the IC is also well qualified, many power power branded car, using it as an amplifier ic. Nothing mistake this ic tried to make an audio amplifier. For the circuit scheme can be seen below.
schematic power amplifier with TDA2004
with this amplifier circuit you can easily enhance your audio levels, from your stereo walkman, Ipod, tuner, MP3 player or MP4, the portable receiver, laptops or PCs


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Monday, November 18, 2013

Strain Gauge measure the pressure or weight

Strain gauges are electronic components that serves to measure the pressure or weight. "Strain Gauge"was first discovered by Edward E. Simmons in 1983 in the form of metal foil that is insulif (isolation) attached to the body weight pressure to be measured. In principle, if the strain gauge given the pressure of the electrical resistance strain gauge will change because the process of deformation in the strain gauge the magnitude of change in electrical resistance that would follow the change of the received pressure strain gauge.
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Sunday, November 17, 2013

Electronic Components As Light Sensor

Electronic Components As Light Sensor

Electronic components are included in the category of light sensors is LDR, Photo Transistor, Photo Diode, Infrared Receiver. The function of the electronic component is to detect the intensity of light received by the component. The light sensor is often used in electronic equipment such as on television, light a light switch, light intensity measuring instrument.

Electronic Components As Light Sensor
Electronic Components As Light Sensor 
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Saturday, November 16, 2013

Dual Mode Microphone Pre Amplifier

This is a microphone pre-amp which I designed intended for function with a SoundBlaster(TM) AWE 64 charge sound license; but it be supposed to exist apt for one compatible tag otherwise PC audio input which provides a 5 Volt supply (via a 2k2, or else thereabouts, built-taking part in current-limiting resistor) by the side of the ring call of a stereo jack plug inserted into the "Mic In" socket of the license/PC. (N.b. it has lone been tested with the AWE 64 certificate.)

The circuit has the following skin tone :
(1) It wish without human intervention detect whether a mike plugged into it is of the electret (condenser) otherwise dynamic type and will switch sandwiched between respective "low-addition" and "far above the ground-gain" modes accordingly. The van-detection relies on help of a stereo plug fitted to an electret mike and use of a mono plug fitted to a dynamic mike.
(2) It is powered just by the 5 Volt existing next to the "Mic in the field of" socket.
(3) It is trivial adequate to happen housed in a standard plastic 35mm film flask (remember folks?).
(4) A trimmer allows the next of kin win intended for the two microphone types to be adjusted.
(5) The gain is sufficient to award something like 60mV summit-to-peak next to the "Mic In" socket, obligatory for complete recording level at home WaveStudio.
(6) In conjunction with the licenses built-in input amplifier, the circuit provides a lifeless frequency response done the audio range, with -3dB points on < 10 Hz and 19 kHz.
(7) Input impedance > 10k. Output impedance < 1k

Dual-Mode Microphone Pre-Amplifier

Component Values :
R1 = R7 = 4k7; R2 = R3 = 47k; R4 = 39k; R5 = R6 = 100k; R8 = 220; R9 = 10k; R10 = 2k2 (all 1/8 Watt). VR1 = 10k
horizontal pre-set. C1 = 47uF; C2 = C3 = C4 = 10uF (all 10V or greater, miniature radial electrolytics). Tr1 = Tr2 = Tr3 = Tr4 = Tr5 = BC108, BC184, BC547, ZTX337 or similar low-power (preferably low noise) NPN transistor
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Friday, November 15, 2013

Elco tester circuit

elco capastor tester
Elco testing small to use AVO meters. But to distinguish between the elco elco 20.000uF/50V 2200uF/50V size would be very difficult, perhaps this phenomenon that makes creative hands itch to make elco with two label values.



Scheme tool as follows, do not smile once, indeed simple. The cost to make it too cheap, not up to $ 1.

Elco tester circuit
Elco tester circuit

The workings of this tool based on the nature of the condenser, the condenser ability to store electrons / voltage. Since each condenser has the characteristic charging time and discharging time is different for each size and type dielektrika. Ideally, the larger size, the greater the time required for charging and discharging (charging and disposal charges).
How to use:

  • Make sure the position of the switch (SW1) on the discharging position (position A).
  • Connect / elco pairs that will be tested, then empty the contents briefly elco by pressing SW2 (approximately 1 to 3 seconds).
  • Position the switch in the charging position (position B), the LED will light with a certain time (depending on the value elco). Hold in position B until the LED is not lit (elco is full).
  • When the LED is not lit, immediately moved to the position of discharging position (A), the LED will light with a certain time (depending on the value elco tested). Hold in position A until the LED does not turn on again (fill elco is empty).
  • The conclusion is quite simple, the larger the size elco, the longer the charging time and dischargingnya (old LED lights up). To calibrate it, readers can use the benchmark elco 10000uF size that can be justified. Only by logic alone writers think readers have understood.
If it is the process of charging and discharging too quickly, the reader can change the value of R1, the greater the value the longer the charging process and discharging.

Good luck and commanded me, the value of its components should not be deleted, do not be wrapped up neatly, keep the same cast in epoxy / cement.
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Thursday, November 14, 2013

Basic LM35 temperature sensor circuit

 This is basic of workmaship LM35 temperatur sensor, whish is taken from the LM35 spending and boosted again by the amplifier op-amp. High output if the sensor is received by ic LM35 high temperature . You can use the output as driver relay, fan , or other. And if yo want to see modifications LM35 temperature sensor see here.




 
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Wednesday, November 13, 2013

Guitar Amplifier Circuit Diagram 100W

Guitar Amplifier Circuit Diagram 100WGuitar Amplifier Circuit Diagram 100W

The ability amp lath has remained banausic back it was aboriginal appear in 2002. It absolutely isn’t broken, so there’s no acumen to fix it. The photo beneath shows a absolutely accumulated lath (available as apparent as M27). Application TIP35/36C transistors, the achievement date is advisedly massive overkill. This ensures believability beneath the best backbreaking date conditions. No amplifier can be fabricated allowed from everything, but this does appear close.

The ability amp (like the antecedent version) is about based on the 60 Watt amp ahead appear (Project 03), but it has added accretion to bout the preamp. Other modifications accommodate the abbreviate ambit aegis – the two little groups of apparatus abutting to the bent diodes (D2 and D3). This new adaptation is not massively altered from the original, but has adjustable bias, and is advised to accommodate a “constant current” (i.e. aerial impedance) achievement to the speakers – this is accomplished application R23 and R26. Note that with this arrangement, the accretion will change depending on the amount impedance, with lower impedances giving lower ability amp gain. This is not a problem, so may cautiously be ignored.

Should the achievement be shorted, the connected accepted achievement appropriate will accommodate an antecedent akin of protection, but is not absolutely foolproof. The abbreviate ambit aegis will absolute the achievement accepted to a almost safe level, but a abiding abbreviate will account the achievement transistors to abort if the amp is apprenticed hard. The aegis is advised not to accomplish beneath accustomed conditions, but will absolute the aiguille achievement accepted to about 8.5 Amps. Beneath these conditions, the centralized fuses (or the achievement transistors) will apparently draft if the abbreviate is not detected in time.

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Tuesday, November 12, 2013

Track the damage capacitors elco with ESR meter

All technicians must have the same experience that the old models of aircraft generally have several common Elco its dry or down in value, mainly found in many brands of china plane. Eco is dry can cause a variety of disorders that are sometimes difficult to trace or even be able to make certain parts do not work at all, especially if used on a circuit that works at such high frequency SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) and the horizontal. Elco dry technicians sometimes make headaches and time consuming when you track the damage.


Many technicians get around this problem by directly replacing all existing Elko, the Elko-regardless of whether Elko is corrupt or not. It is generally quite successful. But sometimes the quality is not good substitutes Elko, so the damaged aircraft back after use for some time. Replace all of Elko is also a problem for yourself if the circuit is improved a lot using Elko. The use of ESR-meter proved to be the most appropriate choice to solve the above problems. We suggest that ESR-meter is a must-have tool for every technician after avo-meter.

Using ESR-meter weve made themselves at a cost of less than 50,000 rupiah we recorded a lot of advantages such as:

  • Elko track damaged by the time more quickly because they do not need to remove the Elko (in-circuit tester) one by one.
  • Elko only replaced damaged
  • Can be used to check the quality of new and used Elko. It is certainly advantageous to utilize part of the former ex-change machine pcb. Sometimes the plane is damaged due to repeated just posted a new Elko was poor quality.
  • Elko that if the check using the ohm-meter sometimes the results are deceptive. Because if you checked with ESR ESR-meter turns his already large.
  • Can be used to check the flyback is short in the primary coil (between the B + with a pin-pin-collectors), def a short yoke, the power tranfo a short primer.
  • To find out if re-chargeable batteries are still good. Re-chargeable battery that is damaged ESR was generally higher when compared to a still good.
  • To keep track of printed lines leaking / short
  • By comparing the capacitors are still good, ESR-meter can be used to check the value of thousands pf capacitor.
Note:
  • ESR meter can not be to find Elko leak or short. Fortunately rare short Elko damage.
  • ESR meter to check the fit only Elko with values ​​ranging 0.47uF and above.
Does ESR it actually? Parameters are generally owned by a Elko understood by engineers is the "maximum working voltage" and "capacitance value". In the real case there are several other parameters such as the "maximum working temperature" (85 or 105 degrees C) and "ESR" (Equivalent Series Resistance). Unless the practice is capacitive in Elko also has the characteristics of "resistive" caused by a combination of resistance to the legs, internal connections, plates and electrolyte. Thus form a resistive characteristic ESR, because if it is portrayed as if such be installed in series with the capacitance of Elko. Ideally, an Elko ESR is zero, but in practice this is impossible. Elko High voltage tends to have larger ESR than the low voltage Elko Elko with small values ​​tend to have higher ESR values ​​greater than Elko. Elko 105 degrees (C) tend to have higher ESR than Elko 85 degrees (C).


What Is the ESR-meter?
ESR meter is a kind of ohm-meter that can be used to measure the amount of "resistance" of Elko. Difference if the ohm-meter using a dc current (direct current) to drive the meter, then use the ESR meter ac (alternating current) with a standard frequency 150Khz. As had been explained that ideally Elko its ESR is zero. But this is not possible in practice. Elko good quality 10uF value is close to zero or more generally.


What is the cause of ESR Elko subject to change.
  • The first is caused because of the connection quality is poor constituents. It can be found in Elko Elko New and old.
  • Both are caused due to dry the liquid electrolyte due to evaporate or leak, which can be found at the old Elko. Are the consequences of large ESR Elko turned into?



Consequences of changing the value of ESR Elko
  • Elko is a working principle can be "in-fill and waste of" electric charge repeatedly. Thus ESR Elko-charging current will be passed this exile repeatedly in accordance with the working frequency of the circuit. And we certainly have understood that if bypassed resistor will generate heat flows in accordance with the magnitude of the current strength through resistance value and the corresponding magnitude. Similarly, the Elko with ESR, the greater the greater the ESR value of the heat arising in Elko, and the higher the frequency the greater the heat generated. This heat can eventually cause the electrolyte evaporates into a gas and seeped out, so the value of Elko will turn down. In the specific cases heat can even make Elko explode.
  • On a circuit that works at high frequencies Elko should have zero resistance to the high frequency signal. If the ESR of the resistance turned into Elko is no longer zero, and if the resistance value change is large enough to make the workings of the chaotic circuit.


Our experience with the use of ESR meter in the aircraft repair older model (the old plane), the first one we always do is:
  • Check out all the Elko with ESR-meter at the SMPS, Horizontal and Vertical and immediately replace it if the ESR problem.
  • Check visually (with a magnifying glass if necessary) solder-solder on the SMPS, the output Horizontal, Vertical output, and the CRT socket pcb and soldering again if there appears a problem or suspicious solder it.
  • Both of these were able to eliminate the difficulties that may arise and difficult to trace, so the use of ESR meter can shorten repair time.



How to use homemade ESR meter (calibration)
  • Once the tool is finished
  • Collect some old Elko is still good. Find Elko pcb traces of the plane, made in Japan or Europe the original (former aircraft engine change) because of generally good quality for use as a reference.
  • Grouped on the basis of a value less dar 2.2uF, 4.7uF is less than, less than and greater than 10uF 10uF.
  • Try using the ESR-meter to measure each group, and mark the position of the needle meter on each group
  • These markers can be used as a reference to the appointment of Elko ESR is still good.
  • If the meter needle to deviate less from the reference mark, the mean ESR Elko is not good.


Continue[...]

Monday, November 11, 2013

Multiplexer

Multiplexer is an electronic circuit that functions to select one among many inputs into one output. The number of bits from the selector (selector) to determine the number of input channels can be received.
With provisions are:

I = 2 ^ s

where:
I: Number of input channels can be received
s: The number of bits of the selector or the number of lines of voters

for example if we want the 14 input channels, then the minimum number of bits of selectors who should we meet is 4 bits. Where is the selector 4 bits can represent 16 channels of input.
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Sunday, November 10, 2013

LMD18245 Bipolar Stepper Motor

Using the LMD18245 full-bridge power amplifier that incorporates all the circuit blocks required to drive and control current in a brushed type DC motor or one phase of a bipolar stepper motor can be designed various motor applications.

The LMD18245 controls the motor current via a fixed off-time chopper technique. An all DMOS H-bridge power stage delivers continuous output currents up to 3A (6A peak) at supply voltages up to 55V. An innovative current sensing method eliminates the power loss associated with a sense resistor in series with the motor.

LMD18245 Bipolar Stepper Motor Circuit Diagram


This LMD18245 circuit application is a power stage of a chopper drive for bipolar stepper motors. The 20 kΩ resistor and 2.2 nF capacitor connected between RC and ground set the off-time at about 48 μs, and the 20 kΩ resistor connected between CS OUT and ground sets the gain at about 200 mA per volt of the threshold for chopping. Digital signals control the thresholds for chopping, the directions of the winding currents, and, by extension, the drive type (full step, half step, etc.). A μprocessor or μcontroller usually provides the digital control signals.

For this bipolar stepper motor driver electronic circuit you will need a 5 volt DC power supply for logic control and a 40 volt DC for powering driver .
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Saturday, November 9, 2013

200 Watt Power Amplifier STK4050 STK4046

Amplifier circuit with IC STK is tough and good quality. In this article an amplifier circuit with IC STK another base. Power "Amplifier 200Watt By STK4050" is an audio amplifier of the STK family with 200Watt power. To create a power amplifier with the STK4050 IC is not require many external components.


Power Amplifier uses symmetric 30Volt power supply system. Power Amplifier With this STK4050 can reproduce the power 200 Watts at 8 Ohm load spaker. In making Power Amplifier 200Watt With this STK4050 do not forget to provide adequate heat sink for the IC STK 4050 in order to avoid overheating.


Schematics Amplifier STK4050-STK4046
Schematics Amplifier STK4050-STK4046


PCB Layout Amplifier
PCB Layout Amplifier

Series Power Supply for Power Amplifier 200Watt By STK4050 been displayed in one image with a series of "Power Amplifier" 200Watt With STK4050 above. IC STK 4050 in this series there are several types on the market including STK4050II, STK4050V and STK4050.

And below is a list of STK ICs are used for a good quality amplifier.

Datasheet STK IC Amplifier
Datasheet STK IC Amplifier
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Friday, November 8, 2013

TDA1011 4W Audio Amplifier Circuit

TDA1011 - 4W Audio Amplifier CircuitTDA1011 - 4W Audio Amplifier Circuit



This is 4 watts amplifier circuit diagram for implementing portable radio with TDA1011 from Philips Semiconductor.



The TDA1011 is a monolithic integrated audio amplifier in one place-9 in line (SIL) plastic container. The device is specially designed for portable radio and recording applications and offers up to 4 W at a load impedance of 4 W. The device can deliver up to 6 W 4 W to 16 V power load on the network powered applications. The maximum permissible voltage of 24 V makes this circuit very suitable for DC and AC unit, while the application supply voltage of 3.6 V low V enables applications 6.

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Thursday, November 7, 2013

Emergency Power Generator Source


Nearby are many period as soon as even more power generator is looked-for, but not free. If an outlet is not inside spread otherwise plugging into the control panel cigarette lighter is simply not an option, youll happen content with the aim of you partake of the Xantrex Powerpack 600HD. This 600-watt device is an all-in the field of-individual constituent so as to is not merely powerful adequate to start your car, but robust enough to provides portable power in support of miniature appliances -- it even comes with a built-in air AM/FM means of communication and digital timepiece.

Runs Multiple Appliances on a long time ago
With three AC outlets and lone DC socket by your fingertips, the 600HD is the completely power solution meant for nation with demanding applications or else the need to run multiple tons all together. custom it to drive slight power tools or else on your outside worksite so you can cause the piece of work ready even exclusive of an outlet nearby. It wish in addition charge cell phones so you can stay connected.

Built-in vogue AM/FM data lines
This thing too has an integrated AM/FM radio and digital alarm control to provides access to harmony, negotiate data lines and news, weather, and imperative in turn in decisive emergency situations.

Rechargeable Battery
The XPower Powerpack 600HD is powered by a sealed, non-spillable 28AH battery to facilitate can be alive conveniently revitalized from every household AC outlet before DC cigarette-lighter outlet so with the purpose of it can be made willing anytime, anywhere.

Inordinate in support of Outings
The Powerpack 600HD isnt a minute ago for era of need. It is just what the doctor ordered for taking on camping trips before outings everywhere approximately trimming power is wanted to run camcorders, film games, televisions, even your espresso contraption.

Safety Mechanisms
The highlight-rich Powerpack 600HD has a built-all the rage 600 watt inverter and a reverse polarity detector to prevent accidentally clamping the cables on top of the mistaken terminals. A barragraph LED indicator monitors the Powerpacks battery charge level, so it wont take advantage of, and an audible alarm signals element overheat and battery under-voltage conditions. An overload and above-warmth protection is built wearing to ensure longer inverter life.Whether its a trade place or else a camp site, the XPower Powerpack 600HD is the ideal portable power solution. 

With three AC outlets and individual DC socket on your fingertips, the Xantrex 600HD is the desirable power solution on behalf of associates with demanding applications otherwise the need to run multiple tons concurrently. make use of it to direct minute power tools before on your outside worksite so you can step the profession through even exclusive of an outlet nearby. It preference in addition charge cell phones so you can stay connected. This item also has an integrated AM/FM broadcasting and digital alarm regulator with the intention of provides access to melody, chat radio and news, weather, and imperative in turn taking part in important emergency situations.

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Wednesday, November 6, 2013

Minimal low supply rail detection

At this point’s a minimal low supply rail detection circuit with the purpose of expenditure peanuts and takes a short time ago 20 minutes or else so to become. Its power consumption is quite low, so it may perhaps definitely survive built into battery-powered campaign. as an alternative of using an op amp, the circuit is built around three low-cost transistors (Q1-Q3). Diodes D1-D3 form a 1.8V voltage reference (Vref) used for the emitter of Q1. If the voltage across the voltage wall formed by R1 and VR1 is a reduced amount of than this, Q1 turns on and food Q2 with foundation bias current.

Rail Detect Voltage - LED Circuit

This turns on Q3 here proportion to this bias current which subsequently drives LED1. The brightness of the LED gives an indication of the severity of the low voltage condition. The brighter the LED, the minor the supply voltage. Trimpot VR1 is adjusted so to facilitate LED1 really comes on by the desired low-voltage promontory. The current consumption is typically take away than 2mA at what time LED1 is rotten. in conclusion, the price exposed in support of RLED is right for 6-12V surgery. For other voltages, RLED can ensue calculated using the formula RLED = (Vcc - 1.8)/0.01 (this equates to a current of with reference to 10mA).
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Tuesday, November 5, 2013

Digital Thermometer 0 100 0°Celsius


Digital Thermometer 0-100.0°Celsius
Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C is a digital thermometer that operates in mode temperature measurement in Celsius (° C). Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C in this article using the form data processing microcontroller AT89C4051.
Temperature sensors used in Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This temperature sensor LM35D. Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. It uses the temperature measurement data viewer in the form of 1 line LCD viewer. Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. It can display the temperature measurement data with a resolution of 0.1 ° C.
Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C 






Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. These temperature sensors make use of LM35D as temperature sensing. In Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. This temperature sensor measurement data this LM35D (Level Voltage) is then converted into 4-bit binary data using the ADC CA3162. Then the 4-bit data from ADC CA3162 which is a measurement of data if the temperature is in the AT89C4951 microcontroller so that it becomes an operating principle of temperature measurement based on digital thermometers. In the final stage of the Digital Thermometer 0-100.0 ° C. These data digitla adlah appearance temperature measurement, using digital data viewer of the LCD 1 line.
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Monday, November 4, 2013

Metal Detector based on IC CS209A

Metal Detector based on IC CS209A
This is an easy metal detector circuit based on IC CS209A from the Cherry Semiconductors. A 100uH coil is employed to sense the presence of metal. The IC CS209A has a built in oscillator circuit and also the coil L1 forms a part of its external LC circuit that determines the frequency of oscillation. The inductance of the coil change in the presence of metals and the resultant change in oscillation is demodulated to make an alarm. The LED offers a visual indication too. This circuit can sense metals up to a distance of few inches.
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Sunday, November 3, 2013

iPod and the Auto Sound System

The iPod story seems to be that of a charmed life. If you havent taken a look around there are all kinds of devices and accessories that are created in order to use right along with the wildly popular and successful iPod product offered by Apple. In fact, I cant think of a better coup for Apple to have pulled off against the giant PC industry, even Microsofts new product the Zune is having a great deal of difficulty even catching up to the sales that iPod seems to have no trouble garnering. The success is something that may define explanation but could have a great deal to do with the equally popular accessories and adornments that are made for each and every iPod product.


iPod and the Auto Sound SystemYou might be wondering exactly what this has to do with auto sound systems but those are just another of the many great iPod accessories that can be found in the market place of today. Seriously! Even some car manufacturers are having upgrades that include iPod adapters that allow drivers to play music from their iPods through the tuning device on their auto sound systems. It almost seems too good to be true when you consider that you will not have to risk life and limb by fiddling with your iPod device when looking for that one obscure song somewhere on your list. There are other car stereo makers that have devices and adapters that read and play music from the iPod but you must use the actual iPod to make your selections and any changes. At any rate, when carmakers and stereo manufacturers such as Pioneer and Alpine are creating stereos that have the iPod in mind you can rest assured that it is a cultural phenomenon and not some fluke to be taken lightly.


In addition to auto sound systems you will find iDogs, iPets, iPod covers, iPod players (speakers and docking stations that you plug your iPod into in order to play without the headphones), iPod alarm clocks, and my personal favorite iBaby (this is a stroller made by Kolcraft that has an iPod, speakers, and adapter built in so that baby can hear his or her favorite tunes while being strolled about the town), or the iCrib (another nifty iPod device designed to keep baby pacified-hopefully this nifty gadgets are drool proof). Needless to say there are times in life when its all about the accessories and I have yet seen another maker of MP3 type devices hold a torch to iPod when it comes to offering options for buyers to personalize their music makers.


If you are in the market for an auto sound system, chances are that you either already have an iPod or are seriously not opposed to the idea of owning one. If you either or both are in your near future I highly recommend you consider purchasing an auto sound system that will be completely compatible with your iPod system or any other MP3 type player you choose to use. I do believe however, that you will find better options designed with the iPod in mind as none of the other brands (thus far) have nearly the buyer base and purchasing power of iPod owners. No matter how you feel about it, all indications are that iPods are here to stay and you may as well jump on board when it comes to your auto sound system as well.

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Saturday, November 2, 2013

Power amplifier for FM radio receiver

Schematic  is suitable for use in radio tuner or FM radio receiver when it is assembled and ready for use. Where if the low gear power radio receiver, with the aid of power amplifier is less powerfull voice / hard to better and just right. For use hios  speakers , use a low-power , because power amplifier has only the power output of 2 X 5 Watt stereo power amplifeir with impedance of 4 Ohm. Working on a minimum voltage of 4.5 Volts and maximum of 16Volt. Use the correct voltage supply - really have been filtered out in order to improve the performance of these power amplifiers.
TA power amplifier
Component Description :

Resistor
R1________180R
R2________180R
R3________18K
R4________18K

Capacitor
C1________47uF
C2________4.7uF
C4________100uF
C5________100uF
C6________47uF
C7________4.7uF
C8________47uF
C9________100uF
C10_______100uF
C11_______1000uF
C12_______1000uF
C13_______100pF
C14_______100pF
C15_______68n
C16_______68n

IC
IC1_______TA7215P
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Friday, November 1, 2013

Rangkaian Lampu Led Berjalan


The 555 Astable generates a timer in support of this circuit, an oscillator giving a make even wave output by pin 3 which is counted by 4017 to assign a running light effect. Rangkaian Lampu Led Berjalan :
Rangkaian Lampu Led Berjalan
Rangkaian Lampu Led Berjalan

The decade counter-barrier CD4017 has 10 outputs, for all low to climax transition next to the control input, rising skirt, the counter advances single LED. in the same way as untaken one extensive ball the the foremost LED illumination again and it goes on. You can vary the respect of R2 100K Linear potentiometer to construct LEDs run fast or else slow on the uptake. The frequency of oscillation of astable 555 is known having the status of f = 1.44 / ((R4 + 2 * (R2 + R3)) * C3)
The 10 outputs come up with 10 sour LEDs. The current thru the LED is partial by R1, the current can be there calculated like this (9V - 1.6V) / 1K = 7.4mA this is inside 20mA which is the danger limit of the CMOS output. You lack it to be sharp wear and tear transistors pro each output.

The cap C1 is a filter and C2 is to prevent racket by the side of pin 5 influencing the output like it is a control voltage item.
You can cascade or else attach many extra counters with the CO or else incorporate on show pin 12 of 4017. The pin 15 reset is reserved next to low in favor of as well as, on above what is usual it wish reset the counter but is not used fashionable this circuit.

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